> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://sron.gitbook.io/docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://sron.gitbook.io/docs/functions-in-sron/miscellaneous-functions.md).

# Miscellaneous functions

### SRON provides these 15 functions :

> * beep()
> * cliTextColor()
> * cliBgColor()
> * copy()
> * exit()
> * getExecTime()
> * len()
> * randInt()
> * randDouble()
> * randRange()
> * setPrecision()
> * sizeof()
> * sleep()
> * sronCmd()
> * sysCmd()
> * throwException()
> * typeof()
> * version()

***

### **1. beep():**

This function is used to make a beep sound. It requires two 'Int' type arguments **frequency** and **duration**.

```js
{
    name : Main
    @ the beep sound is made for 1000 milliseconds(1 second)
    beep(500, 1000)
}
```

***

### **2. cliTextColor():**

This function returns a Cli color escape sequenced string to color the text using RGB values.

```js
{
    name : Main
    
    String color = cliTextColor(2, 214, 214)

    console : ( color, "Hello SRON", CLI_DESIGN_RESET)
}
```

***

### **3. cliBgColor():**

This function returns a Cli color escape sequenced string to set the background color using RGB values.

```js
{
    name : Main
    
    String color = cliBgColor(41, 44, 84)

    console : (color, "Hello SRON", CLI_DESIGN_RESET)
}
```

***

### **4. copy():**

This function creates a copy of the value passed to it. So, the changes made to the original value does not affect the new value.

```js
{
    name : Main
     String a = "abc"
     String b = copy(a)

     push(a, 'd')
     println(a, '\n' , b)
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> abcd\
> abc

***

### **5. exit():**

This function exits the program and suddenly stops it. It takes a 'Int' value as argument.

> **exit**(exit\_code)

This **`exit code`** tells why program halted. Read more about it from [Exit codes](/docs/exit-codes.md).

```js
{
    name : Main
    exit(0)
}
```

***

### **6. getExecTime():**

This function returns the time taken by program to execute the code (in milliseconds).

```js
{
    name : Main
    Int a = 0
    for : {
        range : (Int i=1, 1000)
        a += i
    }
     println("Time Taken = ", getExecTime(), " milli-seconds.")
    
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> Time Taken = 1 milli-seconds.

***

### **7. len():**

This function returns the length of any String/List values.

```js
{
    name : Main

    @  length of a 'String' value
     Any length = len("ABCDEFGH")
     println(length)

    @  length of a 'List' value
     length = len([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0])
     println(length)
    
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> 8\
> 10

***

### **8. randInt():**

This function returns a random 'Int' type value. Takes no arguments.

```js
{
    name : Main
    
     Int random_num = randInt()
     println(random_num)
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> 5251570147017362282

***

### **9. randDouble():**

This function returns a random 'Double' type value. Takes no arguments.

```js
{
    name : Main
    
     Double random_num = randDouble()
     println(random_num)
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> 0.947

***

### **10. randRange():**

This function returns a random number between a particular range.\
It takes two arguments **start\_point** and **end\_point**.\
If you pass two 'Int' values, then it will generate a 'Int' type random value between them.\
And if you pass two 'Double' values, then it will generate a random 'Double' type value between them.

```js
{
    name : Main
    
     Int random_num = randRange(0,10)
     println(random_num)

     random_num = randRange(0.0, 10.0)
     println(random_num)
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> 6\
> 9.890

***

### **11. setPrecision():**

This function sets the number of decimal digits to be printed by 'print()' and 'println()' function.\
**setPrecision(num\_of\_precision)**\
If num\_of\_precision must be more than 0 and less than 10, otherwise by default 5 decimal digits will be set as the precision.

```js
{
    name : Main
    
     Double num = 123.123456789
     println(num)

     setPrecision(5)
     println(num)
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> 123.123
> \
> 123.12345

***

### **12. sizeof():**

This function returns the size of the data in bytes. You can use it to find how much memory, your variable is taking.

```js
{
    name : Main

    @ getting the size of 'Void' value...
    Any size = sizeof(Void)
    println(size)
    
    @  getting the size of 'Int' value...
     size = sizeof(27062003)
     println(size)

    @  getting the size of 'Double' value...
     size = sizeof(2706.2003)
     println(size)

    @  getting the size of 'Char' value...
     size = sizeof('S')
     println(size)

    @  getting the size of 'Bool' value...
     size = sizeof(false)
     println(size)

    @  getting the size of 'String' value...
     size = sizeof(toString("Hello, SRON!"))
     println(size)

    @  getting the size of 'List' value...
     size = sizeof([1,2,3,4,5,6])
     println(size)

    @ getting the size of 'FileReader' value...
    size = sizeof(freader("file.txt"))
    println(size)

    @ getting the size of 'FileWriter' value...
    size = sizeof(fwriter("file.txt", true))
    println(size)

    @ getting the size of 'LiteralString' value...
    size = sizeof("HELLO, SRON!")
    println(size)

}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> 8
> \
> 16
> \
> 16
> \
> 16
> \
> 16
> \
> 40
> \
> 40
> \
> 48
> \
> 40
> \
> 24

***

### **13. sleep():**

This function is used to pause the execution for some given time. It expects an integer type value as argument. It pauses the code for given milliseconds.

```js
{
    name : Main

    println("Sleeping")

    sleep(1000)

    @ the code will be paused for 1 seconds (1000 milliseconds)
    println("Waking")
}
```

### **14. sronCmd():**

**This function can be used to get information about internal components of SRON's interpreter and perform operations on them too. Know more from** [**here**](https://github.com/saksham-joshi/SRON-Docs/blob/main/special-codes-of-sronCmd.md)**.**

```javascript
{
    name : Main 

    OBUFFER += "Hello there! Saksham Joshi"

    sronCmd(SRON_CMD_OBUFFER_CLEAR)

    console : ( '>' , OBUFFER , '<') @ Output: ><
}
```

***

### **15. sysCmd():**

This function is used to execute a command in the host operating system's command processor. It takes a 'String' type value as argument. If the command is executed, then it returns a 'Void' value otherwise displays an exception.

```js
{
    name : Main

     sysCmd("sron-docs")
     @ official docs of Sron will open in your browser
}
```

***

### **16. typeof():**

This function returns a 'String' value specifying the type of the passed value.

```js
{
    name : Main

     println(typeof(1234)) 

     println(typeof(1234.9973))

     println(typeof('S'))

     println(typeof(false))

     println(typeof("SRON"))
    
     println(typeof([1,2,3,4]))
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> Int
> \
> Double
> \
> Char
> \
> Bool
> \
> LiteralString
> \
> List

***

### **17. throwException()**

This function is used to display error message during runtime. It takes a String type input.

```js
{
    name : Main
    List lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
    Int inp = inputInt("Enter the index :- ")

    if : {
        condition : ${ inp < 0 || inp >= len(lst) }
        throwException(IndexNotWithinRangeException)
    }

    println(at(lst, inp))
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> Enter the index :- 5
>
> IndexNotWithinRangeException caught:
>
> \> Reason 1: Index is more than or equal to the length of List or String.
>
> \> Reason 2: Index is less than 0.
>
> ||> Solution : Check the index value if it is less than zero or more than or equal to length of the list and then pass the value to the function.

### **18. version():**

This function returns the version of SRON installed in your system.

```js
{
    name : Main
    println(version())
}
```

#### **OUTPUT:**

> 2.300

***